The Tahltan territory encompasses 93,500 square kilometres, extending from the Alaskan/Canadian border to the upper Nass tributaries, and from the western half of the Stikine Plateau to parts of the Yukon Territory.
Primarily a hunting and trapping people, the Tahltan fostered inter-tribal trade with neighbouring tribes exchanging items such as fish, furs and obsidian, useful for making tools and weapons. In the early 1900s, the population of the Tahltan Nation was devastated by smallpox, measles, influenza and tuberculosis; diseases introduced by European explorers, to which the Tahltan people had no natural immunity. At its lowest point, the Tahltan population numbered under 300 people.
Today, the Tahltan Nation has a population of approximately 4,000 people with some 800 residing in their communities. Half of the residents in the Tahltan territory are of the Tahltan Band dispersed between Telegraph Creek, Dease Lake, and Iskut communities. Both the Iskut and the Tahltan First Nation Bands are governed by the TCG.